Is it in our genes?

Genetic mutation may sound like something in a science fiction movie. However, mutations—which are permanent changes in a person’s DNA—are common, but not always harmful.

As people grow and age, cells in the body are constantly dividing. DNA is being copied through a normal process called DNA replication. Sometimes mutations, often called DNA variants, can occur during this process. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is a molecule that contains the genetic code that is unique to every individual. It is passed from parents to children and determines physical characteristics, such as eye color, hair color, and height.

Often, cells recognize and repair a variant. Other times they do not, which results in a permanent change in the cell’s DNA sequence. These changes can be beneficial, neutral, or harmful to a person, depending on the DNA variant. An example of a positive genetic mutation is one that can protect a person from experiencing heart disease or diabetes, even with a history of smoking or being overweight. Harmful mutations can cause certain cancers and genetic disorders, such as cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease.

MTHFR is a relatively common gene mutation. Approximately 40 percent of people carry one of the gene’s two most common variants. MTHFR stands for methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase, which helps the body process folate (a form of vitamin B) and amino acids, which are essential for many bodily functions, from energy production to brain health.

Health issues linked to MTHFR mutations can include high blood pressure, increased risk of heart disease or stroke, depression, anxiety, mood swings, birth defects, low energy, and fatigue. However, having a mutation does not guarantee an individual will experience any health problems.

MTHFR variations by measuring the amount of homocysteine (an amino acid) in the body. According to the Cleveland Clinic, people with high homocysteine levels typically respond well to vitamin supplements, such as B6, B12, folate, or folic acid. Genetic testing can also identify an MTHFR gene mutation.

Some genetic mutations happen randomly and cannot be prevented. Other genetic mutations can be the result of changes to the physical environment. To protect against these, the Cleveland Clinic recommends:

• Not smoking
• Wearing sunscreen when in the sun
• Avoiding chemical exposure or exposure to radiation
• Eating a healthy diet and avoiding processed foods